Forestry

INTERNATIONAL ENVIROTHON

MISSISSIPPI – 2001

FORESTRY TEST

1. Which of the following would result in the greatest gain for increasing production from forestlands of Mississippi?

A. adequate regeneration

B. increased herbicide use

C. larger acreage in clearcuts

D. more pre-commercial thinning

Mississippi forestland currently produces approximately what percentage of its overall potential?

A. 25%

B. 55%

C. 75%

D. 85%

In Mississippi, single-tree selection cuttings spread over a long time period will favor the establishment of which of the following species associations?

A. Yellow poplar, red oak, sycamore

B. Hickory, hornbeam, dogwood

C. Cottonwood, red oak, pine

D. Black walnut, American beech, black willow

The management decision to regenerate naturally or artificially (an intolerant species) should be determined by:

A. The cost of seedlings

B. The cost of site preparation

C. An analysis of landowner objectives and financial evaluations of costs and returns

D. The species to be planted/seeded

Which of the four major southern pines is most resistant to insects and disease?

A. Loblolly

B. Longleaf

C. Shortleaf

D. Slash

In all states except the original 13 colonies, the system of land ownership division is called:

A. Metes and Bounds survey system

B. Indian treaty boundary survey

C. G.L.O. survey system

D. None of the above

Which of the following statements most generally applies to ecosystem management?

A. Ecosystem management is applied on a landscape basis.

B. Ecosystem management necessitates the use of uneven-aged silviculture

C. Ecosystem management is not appropriate for management of mixed stands of pine and hardwood.

D. In ecosystem management you rely entirely on natural regeneration.

In planting pine seedlings, which of the following is correct?

A. They should not be planted as deep as they grew in the nursery.

B. They should be planted approximately the same depth as they were in the nursery.

C. Depth of planting is not important as long as most of the roots are in the ground.

D. None of the above

In planting seedlings, the one reason air pockets should not be left around roots is:

A. Air pockets provide easy access for rodents

B. They cause roots to dry out and result in seedling mortality

C. They provide over-wintering space for insects

D. Air pockets trap nutrients in rain runoff

In planting seedlings, which of the following is true?

A. Taproots should be straight.

B. U-rooting does not affect mortality and growth at normal planting depth.

C. U-rooting will not affect mortality if planted 2 inches deeper than they grew in the nursery.

D. None of the above.

When using the seed tree method of regeneration, when should the seed trees be removed?

A. Immediately after seed fall

B. 4 to 5 years after seedling establishment

C. as soon as possible after seedling establishment

D. 5 to 10 years after seedling establishment

Under normal weather patterns for south Mississippi, which month would planting bard root seedlings result in the best survival and growth?

A. November

B. January

C. March

D. April

Growing tissue just inside the bard of a tree is referred to as the:

A. inner bark

B. cambium layer

C. xylem tissue

D. none of the above

If a flower lacks either stamens or pistils, it is said to be imperfect or unisexual. Plant species having both sexes of flowers on the same plant are said to be:

A. Dioecious

B. Monecious

C. Heterogeneous

D. Homogeneous

The quality of a forest site is best indicated by the relationship between?

A. Age and diameter of the trees

B. Age and height of the trees

C. Diameter and height of the trees

D. Diameter and number of trees per acre

Under normal conditions, which of the following would be influenced least by thinning?

A. Diameter growth

B. Height growth

C. Crown growth (expansion)

D. Natural pruning

Porous woods in which the pores exhibit little or no variation in size indicative of seasonal growth is classified as:

A. Diffuse porous wood

B. Ring porous wood

C. Semi-diffuse porous wood

D. Semi-ring porous wood

In a G.L.O. section, a “forty” has the dimension of _____ chains on a side and each forty contains ____ square chains of area:

A. 20 chains 400 sq. chains

B. 40 chains 1600 sq. chains

C. 80 chains 6400 sq. chains

G.L.O. Township contains ____ sections each containing 640 acres and measuring ____ by ____ chains.

A. 36 80 80

B. 48 40 40

C. 72 160 160

D. 18 640 640

You wish to perform a 10 percent cruise on a 63-acre tract using 0.1-acre (1/10 acre) fixed radius plots. If the cruise lines were spaced 5 chains apart, the plot spacing/interval on each cruise line would be:

A. 4 chains

B. 2 chains

C. 2.5 chains

D. 5 chains

Which of the following are true regarding cruise lines?

A. Cruise lines should be parallel topography and streams

B. Cruise lines cross topography and streams at right angles (90 degrees).

C. The first cruise line is placed at one-half the cruise line interval

D. Cruise lines should always be 5 to 10 chains apart

i. 2 and 3

ii. 2 and 4

iii. 3 and 4

iv. 1 and 4

Browning and dying of new shoots of young pine trees with an accumulation of resin and fine webbing are signs of attack by what insect?

A. Pals weevil

B. Twig girdler

C. Deodar weevil

D. Tip moth

To reduce the hazard to insect (bark beetle) attack and to aid in preventing future attack, which of the following silvicultural practice(s) would be recommended:

A. Prescribed burn with head fire

B. Spray with insecticide periodically

C. Prune lower limbs from trees

D. Thin on regular basis to control stocking

The two insects which are of primary concern in recently regenerated pine stands (i.e. pine plantations) are:

A. Cone insects and bark beetles

B. Grasshoppers and crickets

C. Pine tip moth and pales weevil

D. None of the above

Impact of forest insects is measured in terms of:

A. Mortality

B. Growth loss

C. Degrade

D. All of the above

Which group of pines are most susceptible to southern pine beetle attack?

A. Loblolly and slash

B. Longleaf and loblolly

C. Loblolly and shortleaf

D. Slash and longleaf

Which of the major genera of southern pine beetles attacks first in the top of the pines?

A. Anthononmous

B. Scolytus

C. Ips avulses

D. None of the above

Pine sawflies damage what part of the tree?

A. Lateral buds

B. Inner bark

C. Terminal buds

D. Needles

Dead or dying pine seedlings or saplings with round or irregular patches of bark missing or complete girdling of the bark indicate attack by what insect?

A. Weevils

B. Bark beetles

C. Turpentine borers

D. Sawyers

Which southern yellow pines are most susceptible to the fusiform rust fungus?

A. Loblolly and slash pines

B. Shortleaf and spruce pines

C. Longleaf and shortleaf pines

D. All southern pines

Those fungi that live on dead wood are termed:

A. Primary fungi

B. Saprophytes

C. Parasites

D. Secondary fungi

Brown spot needle blight is caused by:

A. A fungus

B. A nematode

C. A virus

D. Trees growing under water stress

Cronartium fusiform rust in planted pine stands is normally controlled by:

A. Applying a fungicide to newly planted seedlings

B. Applying a fungicide to the alternate host (oak)

C. Removing the infected trees during thinnings

D. Doing nothing

The most diagnostic symptom/sign produced by trees infected with brown spot needle blight is

A. Root rot

B. Defoliation

C. Brown spots surrounded by yellow bands on infected needles

D. All of the above

Southern cone rust is caused by:

A. A fungus

B. An insect

C. Mineral stress

D. Moisture stress

E. None of the above

Southern fusiform rust is caused by:

A. A fungus

B. An insect

C. Moisture extremes

D. Mineral extremes

E. None of the above

The fusiform rust organism requires two hosts to complete its life cycle.

A. True

B. False

The most characteristic symptom/sign produced by trees infected with fusiform rust is:

A. Galls on branches and stems

B. Root rot

C. Dead and declining trees in stands thinned within the past two years

D. Bright yellow, enlarged cones

E. All of the above

If the entire inner bark of a tree is brown or black after a fire, the tree will usually be:

A. Dormant

B. Dead or dying

C. Discolored, but not otherwise damaged

D. Set back a year or more in growth

If all other conditions are equal, the highest fire damage exists when the relationship between relative humidity and air temperature is:

A. High humidity and low temperature

B. Low humidity and high temperature

C. Equal humidity and temperature

D. High humidity and high temperature

Other things being equal, quantity of available fuel per unit of area determines:

A. Rate of spread

B. Fire intensity

C. Spotting

D. Number of firebrands

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A. Prescribed fire is widely used in Mississippi as a forest management tool.

B. Prescribed fire may be used in the regeneration of mixed pine and hardwood stands.

C. A permit is required from the Mississippi Forestry Commission before setting a prescribed fire for forest management purposes.

D. Prescribed fire is a useful tool in the management of commercial stands of bottomland hardwoods.

Topography can affect the direction and rate of spread of fires by altering the normal heat transfer process.

A. True

B. False

Which of the following statements are true about “loosely” compacted fuels as compared to tightly compacted fuels?

A. More oxygen is available for combustion

B. The rate of spread is usually greater

C. The fuel moisture is usually higher

D. All of the above

E. Only A and B

The growth loss caused by a prescribed burn on loblolly pine over 3 inches DBH is closely correlated with:

A. Percent of crown consumed

B. Percent of crown scorched

C. Height of bark char

D. Number of bark cracks

E. Amount of roots exposed

Compactness of fuels:

A. Affects the rate of spread of fire

B. Greatly influences the potential for crowning

C. Affects the burnout time of fuels

D. Both A and C

E. Both A and B

What has the greatest potential to cause soil loss attributable to timber harvesting operations?

A. Loading decks

B. Logging roads

C. Skidding

D. Feller-buncher traffic

In Mississippi, severance taxes are earmarked:

A. To help regenerate U.S. Forest Service lands

B. To help regenerate and encourage active management on 16^th section lands

C. To help regenerate and encourage active management on non-industrial private lands

D. All of the above are true

E. None of the above are true

One of the best ways to determine which trees are dominant in a bottomland forest is to measure:

A. Width to height ration

B. Leaf area index

C. Crown width

D. Trunk diameter at breast height

E. Tree ring width

Trees of the bottomland forests of LeFleur’s Bluff State Park are dominated by which of the following groups of species:

A. Shumard oak and tulip poplar

B. Elm, ash, oak, maple, and sugarberry

C. River birch, maple and basswood

D. Bald cypress and water tupelo

E. black cherry, buckeye, and pine

Tree Identification

You may write in the Common Name OR Scientific Name. 2 points per tree. Half off for misspelled or incomplete tree names.

10.